- Does evolution tend to proceed slowly and steadily or in quick jumps?
I think it varies. Clearly, humans evolved over thousands of years, and that was just a short span of time. For plants, it took millions of years. This shows that it is not the same for all species, and depends on the environment.
- Why are some clades very diverse and some unusually sparse?
Depending on their location, some may need not evolve any more. If they have reached a point where they can survive with no problems, then they do not need to evolve to adapt to their environment.
- How does evolution produce new and complex features?
Evolution produces new features, because organisms are constantly needing to adapt in the changing world. Because the world is experiencing a warm up period, life will have to evolve it's features to survive.
- Are there trends in evolution, and if so, what processes generate them?
Yes, there is a trend. Organisms evolve based on their environment. This inclues predators, climate, and food supply. This all changes with, or without, the organisms.
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